L6. Lipids properties

Introduction: 

These compounds are characterized as natural substances that do not mix with water but dissolve in organic solvents, C, H and O are the principal elements of lipids. There are several classes of lipids including: fatty acids, waxes, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, terpens and steroids. Lipids are made in general of long chains of hydrocarbons with relatively little oxygen.  

Material: 

- test tube rack
- 250 mL beaker
- water
- 6 test tube 
- cellulose paper
- dropper
- glass rod
- oil 
- soap 
- milk (semi-skimmed, skimmed, without lactose) 
- petroleum ether
- ethanol 
- sudan III

Procedure: 

Solubility of some lipids:

1. Clean and dry three test tube. Label as W (water), ethanol (E) and PE (ether)
2. Add 3 drops of oleic acid to 3 small test tubes.
3. Add 1 mL of water in teh first test tube (W).
4. Add 1 mL of ethanol in the second test tube (E).
5. Add 1 mL of petroleum ether in the third test tube (PE).

Shake carefully each test tube and record solubility and observations in your worksheet.

Lipids identification:

      

 Translucent Mark:

1. Cut two pieces (10x10cm) of cellulose paper.
2. Put 1 drop of water in the first squared piece. You will see a transluced spot. Wait for a while and observe what is happening.
3. Put 1 Drop of olive oil in the second suqred piece of cellulose papaer. You will see a transluced spot. Wait for while and observe what is happening. Has the spot dissapered? Why?

Sudann III dye: 

(Sudan III is a red fat-soluble dye that is utilized in the identification of the presence of lipids, triglycerids and lipoproteins in liquids.)

1. Take the W test tube of the first experiment and add 2 drops of Sudan III.
2. Prepare four test tubes: 3 with milk with different fat content (M1, M2, M3) and soda (S). Add two drops of Suddan III and observe the results.

Permament emulsion:

1. Take a 250 mL beaker and put 100 mL water.
2. Add 1  mL of olive oil. With a glass rod stir the mixture vigorously and let it stand for a few minutes.
3. Make note of What is happening.
4. Add 2 drops of soap and stir the mixture again. Let it stand for a few minutes and notice the differences between both mixtures.

 Conclusions:

1. Solubility of lipids:

1. First test tube: water and oil didn't mix.
2. Second test tube: oil and and ethanol formed micelles
3. Third test tube:  oil and  ether (organic dissolvent) can dissolve.

2. Identification of Lipids
1. Translucent mark results: If we can see a mark in the celulose paper it's a lipid.
2. Sudan III: It doesn't work

3. Permanent emulsion formation

Water and oil form a monocape of

Questions
1- From your observation, wich compunds can dissolev lipids?

Ether

2- Do the oil and water mix? What can you conclude about the polarity of the oil if you know that water is polar? 

No, the oil is non polar

3- Why is liquid the olive oil at room temperature? And why not the lard?

Because oil is formed by unsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand lard is formed by saturated fatty acids.

4- Why does the lipid leave a translucent spot on paper?

Because the lipid does not evaporate.

5- Wich type of milk contains more lipids? Why?

Milk full-cream, because they take away the semi-skimmed milk fats.

6- Did the oil and water mix when you added the soap?

No, but a monolayer and a micelles separated oil from water formed.

7- What did the soap do to the fat?

Separated in micelles.

8- Can you think about process and locations were compounds like the soap would be important to an animal? 

Biliar acids.